Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used primarily in medical diagnostics to visualize internal structure, the function of tissues and body organs.
MRI uses electric and magnetic fields. The high-frequency pulses (radio waves) stimulate atoms with an odd mass number (dipoles) in the human body, so that they vibrate. Different types of tissues of the body are determined by different so-called relaxation times. In this way, the contrasts between organs and tissues are made visible.
Images showing the body on each possible level depict all organs in detail, thus meaning that potential pathological changes can be recognized.
The process is performed completely without x-rays. However, in Germany it may only be used by radiologists.
This Method offers further Sub-Methods:
This method makes it possible to examine your blood vessels without surgical intervention. With the help of the magnetic field technique, we create a three-dimensional model of your vessels so we can see if everything is running “smoothly” there. It helps to recognize narrowing and tissue weaknesses (aneurysms) that may cause circulation problems, stroke or bleeding. The MR Angiography is so advanced that its image quality is the same as that of conventional angiography. In case of specific problems beyond vasoconstriction, e.g. in an upper or lower limb artery, MR Angiography provides more precise information than conventional angiography does.
Advantages of MR Angiography compared with X-ray Angiography (DSA)
The standard method of examination used to be X-ray Angiography. For this purpose, a thin tube (catheter) was inserted from the groin into the artery. While x-ray contrast media was injected through the catheter under high pressure, we would create x-ray images which depicted the blood vessel filled with contrast agent.
MR Angiography no longer requires inserting a thin tube (catheter) from the groin into the artery. This saves approximately four hours of semi-hospitalization. In MR Angiography a contrast agent is injected into the vein. In addition to that, no x-rays are used in MRAngiography, but the vessels are visualized with the help of a strong magnetic field.
Advantages of MR Vessel examination
- In MR Angiography, no catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. The contrast material is injected only into the arm vein.
- In the case of specific problems, MR Angiography provides more detailed information than the regular x-ray angiography.
- The examination is done quickly and without semi-hospitalization.
- There are no problems such as bleeding or clotting disorders.
- MR Angiography does not use x-rays. The vessels are shown with the help of a strong magnetic field.
- The contrast agent used in MR Angiography does not contain iodine and can therefore be used for patients suffering from hyperthyroidism.
The procedure is completed without x-rays. However, in Germany it may only be performed by radiologists.
Method
With the help of the magnetic resonance imaging it is possible to see the small intestine. Thus, MRI is an alternative to conventional examination of the small intestine with enteroclysis. There is no need to insert a probe into the small intestine.
MRI helps to visualize not only changes in the inner bowels, but also thickening or inflammation of the bowel wall and its environment. The examination is used to diagnose inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the infestation and the extension of the disease.
The procedure is performed completely without x-rays. However, in Germany it may only be performed by radiologists.
Method
The examination of the prostate with the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a modern diagnostic method to combat prostate cancer. This method combines several advantages: firstly, the organ to be examined can be visually separated into different layers of tissue. Furthermore, it is non-invasive and, unlike the computer tomography, x-rays will not be used to create images. The examination of the prostate is performed with the help of two coils. The painless insertion of the endorectal coil into the rectum makes it possible for the probe to approach the prostate and thus create high-resolution imaging.
The procedure is performed completely without x-rays. However, in Germany it may only be performed by radiologists.
Who is this examination for?
- For men who have an increased PSA level
- For men whose tissue sample taken after a PSA increase was benign, but their PSA level continued to increase (MRI prostate biopsy before second punch biopsy)
- As additional guidance for the upcoming decision on treatment (e. g. surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy?) for men with histologically diagnosed prostate cancer.
- When, after removing the prostate, the PSA level rises again. Is this a local recurrence? Is there a lymph node enlargement in the pelvic area? Many radiation therapy institutions require this cross-sectional imaging procedure before the start of therapy.
Advantages and disadvantages of Prostate MRI
- No x-rays are required.
- A tumour, and in particular the question of the size and advancement of a prostate cancer in its surrounding. The infiltration of the seminal vesicles is safer with MRI than with other cross-sectional imaging methods.
- The lymph nodes of the pelvis and especially the regional lymph nodes in the immediate vicinity of the prostate gland can be detected with high resolution on three levels with the endorectal coil.
Disadvantage: In the past, severe inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis) could be similar to morphologic carcinoma and a tumour.
Method
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis - also called nuclear resonance imaging of the pelvis - is a radiological examination method used to visualize structures in the area of the pelvis with the help of a magnetic field.
The Pelvic MRI is a very accurate diagnostic procedure used in case of the following diseases and symptoms:
- Suspected disorders in the pelvic floor such as defecation disorders
- Suspected prolapse of the uterus or bladder due to muscular weakness of the pelvic floor muscles
- Tumours in the pelvic floor area
- Congenital defects in the pelvic floor area
The procedure is performed completely without x-rays. However, in Germany it may only be performed by radiologists.
Method
Sometimes, the MRI examination of the breast can be used not only complementarily, but also as an alternative to x-ray mammography. It can help to clarify certain issues that may have possibly been left open after mammography and other examination procedures of the breast. As no x-rays are used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this method is considered to be especially gentle.
The breast MRI is performed, for example, in order to precisely examine patients with breast cancer before surgery. In the after-care of patients who have already undergone breast surgery or have breast implants, MR Mammography is also used. This method complements the conventional x-ray mammography procedure, especially for women with dense tissue structures.
MR Mammography indisputably has the highest sensitivity and preciseness for the detection of breast tumours that are already growing invasively.
Who are the examinations intended for?
For women with diagnosed changes in the breast tissue (such as a digital rectal examination, or abnormalities in the x-ray or ultrasound examination): Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the breast may clarify whether the changes in the breast are benign or malignant, in the cases when the usual screening tests such as mammography (x-ray) and ultrasound do not provide reliable information.
- For patients with breast cancer, as a test before surgery to exclude other focuses of cancer and to plan the operative procedure. Should chemotherapy be required before surgery, its efficiency and progress can be checked.
- For breast cancer patients in after-care to exclude a scar recurrence (tumour formation on the scar) with greater safety.
- For women with breast implants (e.g. silicone): The implants can interfere with the conventional diagnostic mammography (the implant covers large parts of the glandular tissue as a ‘shadow’). In addition, the position and integrity of the implants can be checked.
- For patients who may have specific reasons which do not allow them to undergo breast cancer screening or x-ray mammography or they do not wish to do it: For example, young women with frequent breast cancer cases in the family history, who need an early detection of breast cancer as early as after the age of 30.
Advantages and disadvantages of magnetic resonance imaging of the female breast
- The images are created with the help of a strong magnetic field. X-rays are not required.
- The magnetic resonance imaging can be so good that it complements mammography and / or breast ultrasound in case of appropriate indications.
Magnetic resonance imaging alone cannot always distinguish benign tumours from malignant ones or detect breast cancer in its preliminary stages (carcinoma in situ).
The procedure is performed completely without x-rays. However, in Germany it may only be performed by radiologists.
Methode
Thanks to rapid technological and scientific development, the magnetic resonance imaging of the heart - Cardiac MRI for short, is now an established method for the diagnosis of various heart diseases. The Cardiac MRI is an accurate method with which to measure heart size and function. In addition to that, even the smallest change in cardiac output can be reliably detected by MRI.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) – initial diagnosis due to detection of vascular disorders
CAD is one of the most common cardiac diseases. It is caused by atherosclerosis or „narrowing“ of the coronary vessels, leading to vascular disorders of the heart muscle.
In later stages it can often cause some common symptoms such as angina pectoris or heart attack. With the help of MRI, it is possible to detect blood flow disorders of the heart muscle and measure the heart size and function. In addition to that, so-called „silent“ heart attacks are detected, which the patient did not notice. They can be the only signs of CHD.
Coronary artery disease - detection and assessment of heart attack
Despite the progress in diagnostics, a sudden heart attack remains a constant threat. After a heart attack, the heart might only work in a limited manner. A Cardiac MRI can precisely determine cardiac function, size, the nature and prognosis of heart attack. It is considered to be the most accurate method for detecting scar tissue in the heart muscle.
The MRI of the heart is also used for diagnosing other heart diseases:
- Congenital heart defects in childhood and adulthood
- Acquired valve defect
- Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)
- Heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis)
- Thrombi or tumours in the heart.
Advantages of magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
The MRI of the heart is also used for diagnosing other heart diseases:
- MRI of the heart can precisely determine cardiac function, size, as well as the nature and prognosis of heart attack.
- It is considered to be the most accurate method for detecting scar tissue in the heart muscle, or so-called „silent“ heart attacks.
- No heart catheters need to be inserted into the artery.
Method
Die Radiologische Allianz Hamburg bietet MR-Neurographie zur Darstellung von gesunden oder kranken Nervenabschnitten mit Hilfe der MRT; so können z.B. Einengung an den Nervenwurzelkanälen der Wirbelsäule, Tumore oder Entzündungen erkannt werden.
Unter MR-Neurographie versteht man die Darstellung von gesunden oder kranken Nervenabschnitten mit Hilfe der MRT. Dabei hat die MRT den Vorteil gegenüber z.B. der Nerven-Sonographie, dass auch tiefe Abschnitte in den komplizierten Nervengeflechten (Plexus) an Hals und Arm wie auch Becken und Bein erfasst werden können. Oft kann dabei die Ursache, z.B. Einengung an den Nervenwurzelkanälen der Wirbelsäule, Tumore oder Entzündungen erkannt werden. Auch die Darstellung betroffener Muskelgruppen ist möglich.
Bei folgenden Erkrankungen wird die MR-Neurographie eingesetzt (Beispiele s. „periphere Nerven“ unter „Neuroradiologie“).
Bandscheibenprolaps mit Nervenschädigung
Nervenwurzelkanalverengung
Facettgelenk Osteoarthritis mit Radiculopathie (FOAR)
Plexuslähmung
Plexusentzündung (neuralgische Schulteramyotrophie, Parsonage-Turner-Syndrom)
Tumore peripherer Nerven (z.B. Schwannom, Neurinom)
Spätschäden nach Bestrahlung
Nervenschädigung nach Unfall oder Operation
Neuritis
Engpass-Syndrome:
Karpaltunnel-Syndrom
Loge-de-Guyon-Syndrom
Kubitaltunnel-Syndrom
Meralgia paraesthetica
Piriformis-Syndrom
Wir setzen dazu unser Hochfeld MRT mit 3T Feldstärke am Rathausmarkt, Mönckebergstr. 31, mit speziellen Protokollen und Sequenzen ein. Die Untersuchungen stehen allen privat und gesetzlich versicherten Patienten (unter IGeL Bedingungen) zur Verfügung. Falls Sie als gesetzlich versicherter Patient keine IGeL Leistung wünschen, kann eine MR-Neurographie auch am Speersort 8 unter den dort erprobten Bedingungen nach Überweisung zur Untersuchung einer begrenzten Untersuchungsregion (z.B. Plexus, Ellenbogen oder Handgelenk) erfolgen.
Einsatzbereiche
Bei folgenden Erkrankungen wird die MR-Neurographie eingesetzt (Beispiele s. „periphere Nerven“ unter „Neuroradiologie“).
Bandscheibenprolaps mit Nervenschädigung
Nervenwurzelkanalverengung
Facettgelenk Osteoarthritis mit Radiculopathie (FOAR)
Plexuslähmung
Plexusentzündung (neuralgische Schulteramyotrophie, Parsonage-Turner-Syndrom)
Tumore peripherer Nerven (z.B. Schwannom, Neurinom)
Spätschäden nach Bestrahlung
Nervenschädigung nach Unfall oder Operation
Neuritis
Engpass-Syndrome:
Karpaltunnel-Syndrom
Loge-de-Guyon-Syndrom
Kubitaltunnel-Syndrom
Meralgia paraesthetica
Piriformis-Syndrom
Wir setzen dazu unser Hochfeld MRT mit 3T Feldstärke am Rathausmarkt, Mönckebergstr. 31, mit speziellen Protokollen und Sequenzen ein. Die Untersuchungen stehen allen privat und gesetzlich versicherten Patienten (unter IGeL Bedingungen) zur Verfügung. Falls Sie als gesetzlich versicherter Patient keine IGeL Leistung wünschen, kann eine MR-Neurographie auch am Speersort 8 unter den dort erprobten Bedingungen nach Überweisung zur Untersuchung einer begrenzten Untersuchungsregion (z.B. Plexus, Ellenbogen oder Handgelenk) erfolgen.
Method
Whole body MRT makes it possible for us to view an image of the whole body – all organs, the skeleton, the spine, the circulatory system and the joints. The examination is principally for the early detection of cancer. Depending on the patient’s age and genetic or other previous conditions, other questions can be answered – such as whether there is a narrowing of the blood vessels. The examination can take place without x-ray and usually without the use of contrast agent.
Method
The focus of the practice is on musculoskeletal imaging in order to diagnose acute and chronic illnesses of the whole musculoskeletal system in adults and children. Cartilage is of central significance for the integrity of the joints. Using ultra-high-resolution MRT, an unparalleled image can be created of the deterioration of cartilage – even in its early stages. An exact diagnosis forms the basis for early and efficient treatment. Of course, we also offer measurement of bone density for the early recognition or progress and therapy monitoring of osteoporosis.